Bing Zhang (B. Theodore Zhang)， Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Email: zhangbing@ihep.ac.cn
Mailing Address: Multidisciplinary Building, No. 19 (B) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing
Postal Code: 100046
I am an Associate Researcher at the Institute of High-Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center. Previously, I was a Research Assistant Professor at the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, and a Postdoctoral Scholar at Penn State University. My research focuses on multimessenger and high-energy astrophysics, particularly the origin, acceleration, and propagation of the highest-energy particles in the Universe. I am also a core developer of the Astrophysical Multimessenger Emission Simulator (AMES). My homepage is https://btheodorezhang.github.io/
Research Areas
Education
Ph.D. of Astrophysics, Peking University, China 2013.9 – 2019.7
B.C., Applied Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, China 2009.9 – 2013.7
Experience
Work Experience
IHEP, China 2024.08 – present： Associate Professor， Institute of High-Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science
Kyoto University, Japan 2021.10 – 2024.08： Research Assistant Professor， Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics
The Pennsylvania State University, USA 2019.9 – 2021.9： Postdoctoral Research Scholar， Department of Physics, Institute for Gravitation & the Cosmos (IGC)
Teaching Experience
Publications
Selected publications spanning cosmic rays, high-energy neutrinos, gamma-ray transients, and multimessenger astrophysics.
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
Cosmic Rays and Galactic PeVatrons
• F. Aharonian and B. Theodore Zhang, “A Minimal Interpretation of the Galactic Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra from GeV to PeV Energies,” The Astrophysical Journal 1006, 211 (2026).
• B. Theodore Zhang, S. S. Kimura, and K. Murase, “Microquasar Jet-Cocoon Systems as PeVatrons,” Physical Review D 112, 123015 (2025). [Lead author]
• B. Theodore Zhang, K. Murase, N. Ekanger, M. Bhattacharya, and S. Horiuchi, “Ultraheavy Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays,” Physical Review Letters 136, 181002 (2026). [Lead author]
High-Energy Neutrinos and Multimessenger Sources
• A. Das, B. Theodore Zhang, and K. Murase, “Revealing the Production Mechanism of High-Energy Neutrinos from NGC 1068,” The Astrophysical Journal 972, 44 (2024).
• B. Theodore Zhang, M. Petropoulou, K. Murase, and F. Oikonomou, “A Neutral Beam Model for High-Energy Neutrino Emission from the Blazar TXS 0506+056,” The Astrophysical Journal 889, 118 (2020). [Lead author]
Gamma-Ray Transients and Relativistic Jets
• B. Theodore Zhang, K. Murase, K. Ioka, D. Song, C. Yuan, and P. Mészáros, “External Inverse-Compton and Proton Synchrotron Emission from the Reverse Shock as the Origin of VHE Gamma Rays from the Hyper-Bright GRB 221009A,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters 947, L14 (2023). [Lead author]
• S. Yu and B. Theodore Zhang, “A Unified Framework for 10 TeV to EeV Diffuse Neutrino Sky and KM3-230213A,” Astrophysical Journal Letters, 1002, L45 (2026).
Complete Publication List
[31] F. Aharonian and B. Theodore Zhang, “A Minimal Interpretation of the Galactic Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra from GeV to PeV Energies,” Astrophysical Journal, 1006(2), 211 (2026).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.08223
[30] S. Yu and B. Theodore Zhang, “A Unified Framework for 10 TeV to EeV Diffuse Neutrino Sky and KM3-230213A,” Astrophysical Journal Letters, 1002, L45 (2026).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02372
[29] S. Yu and B. Theodore Zhang, “Multimessenger Modeling of Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts,” Astrophysical Journal, 998, 275 (2026).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02367
[28] S. Chen, A. Das, B. Theodore Zhang, S. S. Kimura, K. Murase, and Y. Liang, “Physical Origin of Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays from the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 4278 and Implications for Neutrino Observations,” Astrophysical Journal, 1007(1), 10 (2026).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.23242
[27] R. Matsui, S. S. Kimura, K. Murase, and B. Theodore Zhang, “Prediction of Multiwavelength Emissions Associated with X-Ray Flare and Extended Emission of GRBs,” Astrophysical Journal, 1004(2), 163 (2026).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22749
[26] B. Theodore Zhang, S. S. Kimura, and K. Murase, “Microquasar Jet-Cocoon Systems as PeVatrons,” Physical Review D, 112, 123015 (2025).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20193
[25] X.-F. Zhang, R.-Y. Liu, H.-M. Zhang, Y.-Y. Huang, B. Theodore Zhang, and X.-Y. Wang, “Constraints on Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in Bright Gamma-Ray Bursts with Observations of Fermi,” Astrophysical Journal, 980, 188 (2025).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.09594
[24] C. Yuan, W. Winter, B. Theodore Zhang, K. Murase, and B. Zhang, “Revisiting X-Ray Afterglows of Jetted Tidal Disruption Events with the External Reverse Shock,” Astrophysical Journal, 982, 196 (2025).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07925
[23] C. Yuan, B. Theodore Zhang, W. Winter, and K. Murase, “Structured Jet Model for Multiwavelength Observations of the Jetted Tidal Disruption Event AT 2022cmc,” Astrophysical Journal, 974, 162 (2024).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.11513
[22] B. Theodore Zhang, K. Murase, N. Ekanger, M. Bhattacharya, and S. Horiuchi, “Ultraheavy Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays,” Physical Review Letters, 136, 181002 (2026).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.17409
[21] Y.-J. Wei, J. Ren, H.-N. He, Y.-P. Yang, D.-M. Wei, Z.-G. Dai, and B. Theodore Zhang, “A Novel Model for the MeV Emission Line in GRB 221009A,” Astrophysical Journal Letters, 968, L5 (2024).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.10775
[20] A. Das, B. Theodore Zhang, and K. Murase, “Revealing the Production Mechanism of High-Energy Neutrinos from NGC 1068,” Astrophysical Journal, 972, 44 (2024).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.09332
[19] Y. Sato, K. Murase, M. Bhattacharya, J. A. Carpio, M. Mukhopadhyay, and B. Theodore Zhang, “Two-Component Off-Axis Jet Model for Radio Flares of Tidal Disruption Events,” Physical Review D, 110, L061307 (2024).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.13326
[18] H.-N. He, B. Theodore Zhang, and Y.-Z. Fan, “A Detectable Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Outburst from GRB 221009A,” Astrophysical Journal, 963, 109 (2024).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.11566
[17] B. Theodore Zhang, K. Murase, K. Ioka, and B. Zhang, “The Origin of Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays from GRB 221009A: Implications for Reverse Shock Proton Synchrotron Emission,” Journal of High Energy Astrophysics, 45, 392–408 (2025).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.13671
[16] Ž. Bošnjak, B. Theodore Zhang, K. Murase, and K. Ioka, “Off-Axis MeV and Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emissions from Structured Gamma-Ray Burst Jets,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 528, 4307 (2024).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.14729
[15] B. Theodore Zhang and K. Murase, “Nuclear and Electromagnetic Cascades Induced by Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays in Radio Galaxies: Implications for Centaurus A,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 524, 76–89 (2023).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.14048
[14] Y.-J. Wei, B. Theodore Zhang, and K. Murase, “Multiwavelength Afterglow Emission from Bursts Associated with Magnetar Flares and Fast Radio Bursts,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 524, 6004–6014 (2023).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.10184
[13] B. Theodore Zhang, K. Murase, K. Ioka, D. Song, C. Yuan, and P. Mészáros, “External Inverse-Compton and Proton Synchrotron Emission from the Reverse Shock as the Origin of VHE Gamma Rays from the Hyper-Bright GRB 221009A,” Astrophysical Journal Letters, 947, L14 (2023).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.05754
[12] Y. Sato, K. Obayashi, B. Theodore Zhang, S. J. Tanaka, K. Murase, Y. Ohira, and R. Yamazaki, “Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission in the Two-Component Jet Model for Gamma-Ray Bursts,” Journal of High Energy Astrophysics, 37, 51–61 (2023).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.13987
Contribution: Contributed to the synchrotron self-Compton calculation.
[11] C. Yuan, K. Murase, B. Theodore Zhang, S. S. Kimura, and P. Mészáros, “Post-Merger Jets from Supermassive Black Hole Coalescences as Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Emission,” Astrophysical Journal Letters, 911, L15 (2021).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.05788
Contribution: Contributed to the calculation of the energy spectrum.
[10] B. Theodore Zhang, K. Murase, C. Yuan, S. S. Kimura, and P. Mészáros, “External Inverse-Compton Emission Associated with Extended and Plateau Emission of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: Application to GRB 160821B,” Astrophysical Journal Letters, 908, L36 (2021).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.09143
[9] B. Theodore Zhang, K. Murase, P. Veres, and P. Mészáros, “External Inverse-Compton Emission from Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts: Application to GRB 190829A,” Astrophysical Journal, 920, 55 (2021).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07796
[8] Y. Jiang, B. Theodore Zhang, and K. Murase, “Energetics of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Nuclei,” Physical Review D, 104, 043017 (2021).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.03122
Contribution: Contributed to generating the main results and writing the paper.
[7] K. Murase, S. S. Kimura, B. Theodore Zhang, F. Oikonomou, and M. Petropoulou, “High-Energy Neutrino and Gamma-Ray Emission from Tidal Disruption Events,” Astrophysical Journal, 902, 108 (2020).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.08937
Contribution: Contributed to the photohadronic-interaction calculations in the hidden-wind model.
[6] B. Theodore Zhang, M. Petropoulou, K. Murase, and F. Oikonomou, “A Neutral Beam Model for High-Energy Neutrino Emission from the Blazar TXS 0506+056,” Astrophysical Journal, 889, 118 (2020).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11464
[5] B. Theodore Zhang and K. Murase, “Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Nuclei and Neutrinos from Engine-Driven Supernovae,” Physical Review D, 100, 103004 (2019).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.10289
[4] B. Theodore Zhang, K. Murase, S. S. Kimura, S. Horiuchi, and P. Mészáros, “Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts as the Sources of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Nuclei,” Physical Review D, 97, 083010 (2018).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.09984
[3] B. Theodore Zhang, K. Murase, F. Oikonomou, and Z. Li, “High-Energy Cosmic Ray Nuclei from Tidal Disruption Events: Origin, Survival, and Implications,” Physical Review D, 96, 063007 (2017).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.00391
[2] S. S. Kimura, K. Murase, and B. Theodore Zhang, “Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Nuclei from Black Hole Jets: Recycling Galactic Cosmic Rays through Shear Acceleration,” Physical Review D, 97, 023026 (2018).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.05027
Contribution: Contributed to the propagation calculations of ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray nuclei.
[1] B. Theodore Zhang and Z. Li, “Constraints on Cosmic Ray Loading and PeV Neutrino Production in Blazars,” Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 03, 024 (2017).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.02211
Current Preprints
[1] A. Das, K. Murase, and B. Theodore Zhang, “Multimessenger Constraints on Production Sites of High-Energy Neutrinos from NGC 1068” (2026).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.01222
[2] B. Theodore Zhang and S. Yu, “Microquasar Remnants as PeVatrons Illuminating the Galactic Cosmic Ray Knee” (2026).
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.08940
[3] Y.-J. Wei, K. Murase, and B. T. Zhang, “Unveiling Multimessenger Emission from Hidden Cores of Microquasars.”
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.23231
[4] W. Lian, H. Gao, S. Ai, and B. Theodore Zhang, “Multimessenger Prospects for Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts: Joint Neutrino and X-Ray Observations” (2026).